Article Contents
Introduction
During these extraordinary times of COVID-19, we all find ourselves spending more time at home than we ever have before. Many Assisted Living communities across the country are not permitting their residents to leave the premises without a 14-day quarantine after their return. Group activities are being canceled. Visitors are not allowed. So, How to Handle Being Confined to Home?
Other older adults are in cities that require self-isolation for designated periods of time. Or, they have medical conditions that prevent leaving home.
Social isolation is already a risk factor for loneliness and depression. It can also exacerbate medical conditions and lead to physical and mental decline.
With a thoughtful and focused approach, you can combat isolation and cope with home confinement.
Why Is Home Confinement and Social Isolation a Problem?
People have different responses to time alone. We all have a unique tolerance for social activity. But we all need human contact and stimulation. Let’s look at some of the negative consequences of too much time alone.
1. Social Isolation Can Lead to Loneliness
After a lifetime of a profession or raising a family, adjusting to those losses can be difficult. Loneliness is the result of the loss of friends, colleagues, and family
2. Loneliness Can Be Deadly
Studies have shown that loneliness can increase mortality, cause cognitive problems, and impair the immune system response.
3. Confinement at Home Can Lead to a Decrease in Activity
When people can’t get out of the house, they get less activity. Less activity means loss of physical function which can accelerate over time.
Social isolation symptoms
Social isolation symptoms can vary in severity. Here are some common signs of social isolation in the elderly:
1. Emotional and Psychological
- Loneliness: Feeling alone and disconnected.
- Anxiety & Depression: Increased or new mental health issues.
- Low Self-Esteem: Diminished sense of worth.
- Emotional Deregulation: Difficulty managing emotions and stress.
- Loss of Motivation: Decreased interest in activities and life.
2. Physical
- Sleep Problems: Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
- Appetite Changes: Overeating or undereating.
- Health Risks: Increased risk of heart disease, stroke, dementia, etc.
- Cognitive Decline: Memory problems, difficulty concentrating.
- Increased Stress: Chronic stress response, inflammation.
3. Behavioral
- Social Withdrawal: Avoiding social situations and interactions.
- Substance Use: Turning to alcohol or drugs to cope.
- Neglecting Self-Care: Decreased attention to hygiene and grooming.
- Irritability & Agitation: Increased sensitivity and frustration.
What causes social isolation?
Social isolation is a complex issue with a multitude of contributing factors. Here’s a breakdown of some common causes of social isolation:
1. Individual factors
- Living Alone: Especially in older adulthood, living alone can lead to reduced social interaction and feelings of loneliness.
- Lack of Meaningful Relationships: Individuals may lack close friends, family members, or romantic partners, leading to a sense of isolation.
- Chronic Health Conditions: Conditions that limit mobility, social interaction, or cognitive function can contribute to social withdrawal.
- Mental Health Issues: Depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions can make it difficult to engage in social activities.
- Major Life Transitions: Events like retirement, loss of a loved one, moving to a new area, or job loss can disrupt social networks and lead to isolation.
- Disability or Chronic Pain: Physical limitations can hinder participation in social activities and lead to feelings of exclusion.
- Substance Abuse: Alcohol or drug use can impair social skills and lead to withdrawal from social situations.
2. Social and environmental factors
- Living in Rural or Remote Areas: Limited access to social resources, transportation, and community events can contribute to isolation.
- Societal Factors: Poverty, stigma, discrimination, and lack of access to affordable housing can create barriers to social inclusion.
- Cultural Norms: Some cultures may emphasize individual independence or discourage social interaction, contributing to isolation.
- Technology Dependence: While technology can facilitate social connections, excessive reliance on online interactions can lead to a lack of face-to-face contact and contribute to feelings of isolation.
How to Handle Being Confined to Home?
There are several ways to combat social isolation and loneliness. Creative use of your time will help you manage.
1. Take advantage of technology
If you aren’t familiar with the benefits of technology, this is a great time to learn. Enlist the help of your children or grandchildren. Skype, Face time, and other programs allow you to visit with family and friends. The face to face connection can’t take the place of actually seeing someone, but it is a great alternative. The ability to use the internet can be a great diversion and social interaction tool. Facebook and Instagram allow you to stay connected with family.
2. Exercise any way you can
Walk, do chair exercises, look at videos online specifically for older adults. Movement is critical. Keep moving in whatever way possible to keep your physical function
3. Virtual tours
You don’t have to leave home to enjoy world travel. Tap into virtual tours of museums and sites across the world.
4. Audible and other audiobook options
Can’t get to the library? No problem! Investigate all of the audiobook options available to download books. Some have a monthly cost, but others are free.
5. Participate in activities whenever possible
If you live in a senior community and can access activities, do so. Try something different and meet new people.
6. Challenge yourself to learn a new skill
There are endless new skills you can learn at home. Everything from languages, art, and handicrafts.
Social isolation does not have to lead to loneliness. Creative use of your time will enhance your life and improve your well-being. Visit BoomersHub Blog for more information and resources.
Nursing interventions for social isolation
Nursing interventions for social isolation focus on assessing the underlying causes, promoting social interaction, and supporting the individual’s overall well-being. Here’s a breakdown:
Assessment
- Identify the cause: Is it a recent event, illness, or mental health issue?
- Assess severity: How long has it lasted? What are their current connections?
- Evaluate physical and mental health: Are there limitations or concerns?
- Explore preferences and resources: What do they enjoy? What support is available?
Interventions
- Encourage social interaction: Facilitate groups, one-on-one connections, and use technology.
- Address underlying issues: Refer to mental health professionals, manage physical health, and provide practical assistance.
- Promote self-care: Encourage healthy habits, relaxation techniques, and positive self-image.
- Educate and empower: Provide information, teach coping skills, and encourage self-advocacy.
Evaluation
- Monitor progress: Assess social engagement, mood, and well-being.
- Adjust interventions: Modify based on response and progress.
- Celebrate successes: Acknowledge positive changes.
FAQs
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What to do when someone starts isolating themselves?
When a loved one starts isolating themselves, it is crucial to approach the situation with empathy, patience, and a focus on gradual steps to help the person reconnect with their social support network. Here are some key things you can do when someone starts isolating themselves:
- Reach out consistently: Phone, text, or video calls, even if they seem withdrawn.
- Express care and concern: Let them know you’ve noticed and are worried.
- Suggest small steps: Start with low-pressure activities, like a walk with a friend.
- Address practical barriers: Offer help with transportation, technology, or other needs.
- Involve others if needed: Friends, family, or mental health professionals can help.
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Can you lose your mind from isolation?
Extreme isolation over long periods can lead to psychosis, hallucinations, and a complete loss of connection with reality in some cases. Studies show isolation increases the risk of:
- Depression and anxiety disorders
- Cognitive decline and dementia
- Substance abuse and addiction
- Suicidal thoughts and behaviors
